What Works: How Social Scientists Use Qualitative and Quantitative Research

The canvas of social science research can be daunting, filled with a dizzying array of methodologies, each vying for attention like brushstrokes on a vibrant tapestry. Navigating this intricate landscape requires a discerning eye and an understanding of the tools at one’s disposal. “What Works: How Social Scientists Use Qualitative and Quantitative Research,” by William Trochim, serves as a masterful guidebook, leading readers through the labyrinthine corridors of social science inquiry with clarity and pragmatism.

Published in 2015 by Columbia University Press, this weighty tome (over 400 pages!) is not for the faint of heart. Trochim dives deep into the philosophical underpinnings of both qualitative and quantitative research, exploring the nuances of each approach with scholarly rigor. Yet, despite its intellectual heft, “What Works” remains remarkably accessible, thanks to Trochim’s engaging prose and use of real-world examples.

Diving into the Depths: Understanding Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Trochim begins by laying bare the fundamental differences between these two research paradigms.

Think of it this way: qualitative research is like delving into the rich tapestry of human experience, seeking to understand the individual threads that weave together a complex social phenomenon. Quantitative research, on the other hand, seeks to measure and quantify these relationships, providing a more objective view of the overall pattern.

Trochim meticulously dissects each approach, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.

He explores the ethical considerations involved in conducting research with human subjects, reminding us that our quest for knowledge must never come at the expense of human dignity. He also delves into the practicalities of designing and implementing research projects, providing invaluable guidance on everything from sampling techniques to data analysis.

A Symphony of Research Methods

One of the most compelling aspects of “What Works” is Trochim’s emphasis on the interplay between qualitative and quantitative methods. He argues that true understanding often emerges from a synthesis of these two approaches, allowing researchers to paint a more complete and nuanced picture of the social world.

Imagine a symphony orchestra: each instrument plays its own unique part, contributing to the overall harmony.

Similarly, qualitative and quantitative methods can work in concert, complementing and enriching one another. For instance, a researcher studying the impact of a new educational program might use surveys to quantify student performance but also conduct interviews to gain insights into students’ experiences and perspectives.

Navigating the Complexities: Beyond the Basics

Beyond providing a solid foundation in research methodology, “What Works” delves into more advanced topics such as mixed methods research (integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches), program evaluation, and the use of technology in social science research.

Trochim doesn’t shy away from grappling with complex issues like research bias and the limitations of data analysis. He encourages readers to critically evaluate their own work, recognizing that all research is inherently limited by the constraints of methodology and context.

A Lasting Legacy: “What Works” as a Timeless Resource

This book is not merely a textbook but a valuable companion for any social scientist navigating the often-turbulent waters of research.

Its detailed explanations, real-world examples, and insightful commentary make it an indispensable resource for students, practitioners, and seasoned researchers alike.

“What Works” reminds us that the pursuit of knowledge is a journey of continuous learning and refinement. Just as an artist constantly refines their techniques and explores new materials, social scientists must be willing to adapt, innovate, and embrace the ever-evolving landscape of research methods.